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Private pilot written test: format, tips and how to pass

The private pilot written is the FAA's Private Pilot Airplane (PAR) knowledge test. Here's what's on it, how it works on test day, and how to study so you pass the first time.

By The Flight PlaybookPublished Oct 19, 2026

The format

  • 60 questions, multiple choice, with figures from a testing supplement (charts, weather products, performance tables).
  • 2 hours to finish, per the FAA's current knowledge testing matrix.
  • 70% to pass.
  • Taken at an FAA-approved testing center. Book through the FAA's testing vendor and check the current fee when you book.

Before test day

  • You need an endorsement from an authorized instructor (61.35) and an FAA Tracking Number (FTN) from IACRA.
  • A passing report is good for 24 calendar months for taking the checkride (61.39).
  • Your report lists ACS codes for any knowledge areas you missed. Your instructor reviews those with you before the checkride.

How to study

  1. Learn it first. Memorizing answers falls apart on the checkride oral. Work through the course.
  2. Practice every day. A 10-question daily review brings back what you missed until you've got it.
  3. Fix weak topics. The study coach finds what you keep missing.
  4. Take full tests. When you're scoring 80%+ on the FAA-style simulator a few times in a row, you're likely ready.

The topics most students find hardest

Sectional chart reading, weather products (METARs, TAFs, winds aloft), weight and balance, performance charts and airspace usually take the most practice. Our METAR decoder and E6B calculator help with the math-heavy ones.

FAA test simulator

60 questions, 2 hours, score report

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Written test practice

1,011 questions by topic

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Study coach

Find and fix your weak spots

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Common questions

How many questions are on the private pilot written?

60 scored questions, 2 hours, and 70% to pass, per the FAA's knowledge testing matrix.

How long is a passing written test score good for?

For the private pilot checkride, the knowledge test must be passed within the 24 calendar months before the month you take the practical test (14 CFR 61.39).

Do I need an endorsement to take the written?

Yes. An authorized instructor must endorse that you completed the required ground training or a home-study course (14 CFR 61.35).

How long should I study for the written?

It varies, but many students study for several weeks. Aim to score 80% or better on full practice tests a few times before you book.

Sources, review & change history
Published
Oct 19, 2026
Review status
Written from the FAA sources linked in the text. Not yet re-checked line by line or reviewed by a flight instructor.
Changes
Oct 19, 2026: first published.

Report an error on this page

Study aid only. Your instructor, current 14 CFR and the FAA's handbooks and ACS have the final word.