Takeoffs & Landings

Prepare for: Short-Field Takeoff and Landing

Maximum-performance takeoffs over an obstacle and precise, slow landings in the shortest distance.

Your CFI's syllabus and your airplane's POH come first. This page is a general study aid to help you show up prepared.

What you'll do

  1. Takeoff: use every foot of runway, set POH flaps, hold brakes, apply full power, check gauges, then release.
  2. Rotate at the POH speed and climb at VX (or the POH obstacle-clearance speed) until clear of the obstacle, then accelerate to VY.
  3. Landing: fly a stabilized approach at the POH short-field speed with full flaps, aiming at a specific point.
  4. Touch down firmly at the minimum speed with little or no float, then retract flaps (if POH says), hold back elevator and brake as needed.

The standard you'll be held to

Quoted from the current FAA Airman Certification Standards for each level that tests this.

Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C)Task PA.IV.E · Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL)
  • Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • Make radio calls as appropriate.
  • Verify assigned/correct runway.
  • Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
  • Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
  • Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline utilizing maximum available takeoff area.
  • Apply brakes while setting engine power to achieve maximum performance.
  • Confirm takeoff power prior to brake release and verify proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
  • Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, +10/-5 knots.
  • Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, +10/-5 knots until the obstacle is cleared or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface.
  • Establish a pitch attitude for VY and accelerate to VY +10/-5 knots after clearing the obstacle or at 50 feet AGL if simulating an obstacle.
  • Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidance after a positive rate of climb has been verified.
  • Maintain VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
  • Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
  • Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.

Open the full ACS (PDF) ↗

Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C)Task PA.IV.F · Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL, AMEL)
  • Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • Make radio calls as appropriate.
  • Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway.
  • Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
  • Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
  • Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
  • Maintain manufacturer’s published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied.
  • Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
  • Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
  • Touch down at a proper pitch attitude within 200 feet beyond or on the specified point, threshold markings, or runway numbers, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline.
  • Use manufacturer’s recommended procedures for airplane configuration and braking.
  • Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
  • Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.

Open the full ACS (PDF) ↗

Commercial Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7B)Task CA.IV.E · Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL)
  • Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • Make radio calls as appropriate.
  • Verify assigned/correct runway.
  • Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
  • Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
  • Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline utilizing maximum available takeoff area.
  • Apply brakes while setting engine power to achieve maximum performance.
  • Confirm takeoff power prior to brake release and verify proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
  • Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots.
  • Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots until the obstacle is cleared or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface.
  • Establish a pitch attitude for VY and accelerate to VY ±5 knots after clearing the obstacle or at 50 feet above ground level (AGL) if simulating an obstacle.
  • Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidance after a positive rate of climb has been verified.
  • Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
  • Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
  • Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.

Open the full ACS (PDF) ↗

Commercial Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7B)Task CA.IV.F · Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL, AMEL)
  • Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • Make radio calls as appropriate.
  • Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway.
  • Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
  • Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
  • Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
  • Maintain manufacturer’s published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
  • Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
  • Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
  • Touch down at a proper pitch attitude within 100 feet beyond or on the specified point, threshold markings, or runway numbers, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline.
  • Use manufacturer’s recommended procedures for airplane configuration and braking.
  • Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
  • Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.

Open the full ACS (PDF) ↗

Read it in the FAA handbooks

The official chapters behind this page. Each link opens the exact chapter, free on faa.gov. See the full Study Library.

Prepare the night before

  • Look up the POH short-field speeds and flap settings.
  • Compute takeoff and landing distance for today's conditions.
  • Pick a visual aim point and touchdown point before the flight.

Common mistakes

  • Flying too fast on final (float uses up runway).
  • Pitching too steeply on climbout and getting slow.
  • Not using the full runway length on takeoff.

Questions to ask your instructor

  • How firm should the short-field touchdown be in this airplane?
  • What's the obstacle-clearance speed you want me to use?

Check yourself

Something wrong or out of date? Report an error

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